研制了一套人眼安全的全光纤相干多普勒激光测风雷达系统。系统采用1550 nm 全光纤单频保偏激光器作为激光发射光源，激光器单脉冲能量0.2 mJ，重复频率10 kHz，脉冲半高全宽400 ns，线宽小于1 MHz。激光雷达接收望远镜和扫描器口径100 mm，采用速度方位显示(VAD)扫描模式对不同方位的视线风速进行测量，使用平衡探测器接收回波相干信号，通过1 G/s的模拟数字(AD)采集卡对相干探测信号进行采集，在现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)数字信号处理器中进行1024点快速傅里叶变换(FFT)得到不同距离门回波信号功率谱信息。对于获得的各方位视线风速，研究采用非线性最小二乘法对激光雷达测量的风速剖面矢量进行反演。激光雷达与风廓线雷达测量的风速进行了对比，两者测量的水平风速，风向和竖直风速相关系数分别为0.988，0.941和0.966。

An all fiber pulsed coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) system at 1.54 μm wavelength is developed for wind profiles measurements. This lidar affords 43.0-μJ pulse energy at 10-kHz pulse repetition frequency with 500-ns pulse width. The lidar is operated in monostatic mode with 50-mm diameter telescope. The heterodyne mixing signals are acquired with 500 M/s analog to digital converter and 2048 points fast Fourier transform (FFT) is implemented. Line of sight wind speeds are measured with more than 3.0-km range in a horizontal direction and about 1.9 km in the vertical direction with 75-m range resolution. Systematic error of speed measurement of 0.2 m/s is validated.

为了从相干多普勒测风激光雷达的微弱气溶胶后向散射信号中高效、准确地提取多普勒频移信息,得到最接近CRB极限的无偏估计,利用气溶胶后向散射信号统计特性,建立了相干多普勒激光雷达仿真模型,并用最大概似法(ML)推导了在功率谱宽度已知情况下多普勒频率的估计算法。利用1.54 μm全光纤相干激光雷达系统获得风场测量数据,用ML算法进行多普勒频移估计,并将结果与传统的周期图最大值法(PM)所得结果进行比较。对比表明,ML算法与PM算法的数据处理结果有较好的一致性,并且ML算法的多普勒频率探测能力更优。

A 1 064-nm pulsed coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) prototype is developed to measure short range wind speed in the lower altitude troposphere layer. The CDL system adopts an injection{seeded Nd:YAG laser with the pulse duration of 80 ns, single pulse energy of 0.5 mJ, and pulse repetition rate of 200 Hz. Speed calibration experiments are implemented to obtain a speed accuracy of 0.3 m/s using a hard target. Data analysis results show that the CDL system can obtain a line-of-sight wind velocity at a range of 30 to 500 m with the range resolution of 40 m and 38 pulses accumulation.